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SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Mitochondrial-targeted peptide for cellular energy and longevity research

Half-life

~2-4 hours

Typical Dose

1-5mg daily (trials used 40mg/day)

Format

Injectable

Purity

≥98%

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SS-31 (Elamipretide) research vial

Overview

SS-31, also called Elamipretide, is a cell-permeable peptide that targets the inner mitochondrial membrane. Studied for mitochondrial dysfunction, heart failure, and age-related conditions.

Mechanism

Selectively binds cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing mitochondrial structure and reducing reactive oxygen species production.

Researched benefits

  • Mitochondrial membrane stabilization
  • Improved ATP production
  • Reduced oxidative stress
  • Cardiovascular research
  • Age-related condition research

Frequently asked

What is the typical SS-31 (elamipretide) dosage?

Research-peptide protocols commonly circulate 1 to 5mg subcutaneously once daily. There is a large gap worth knowing: every registered human trial (MMPOWER-2, MMPOWER-3, TAZPOWER) used 40mg per day, so the grey-market dose sits far below anything actually studied. The SS-31 dosage chart lays out both side by side.

How do you reconstitute SS-31?

A 10mg vial reconstituted with 2ml bacteriostatic water gives 5mg/ml. On a U-100 insulin syringe, 1mg draws to 20 IU, 2.5mg to 50 IU, and 5mg to 100 IU. Refrigerate the reconstituted vial at 2-8°C and use it within 14 to 30 days.

What is the half-life of SS-31?

Plasma half-life is roughly 2 to 4 hours after subcutaneous dosing. The effect outlasts plasma levels because SS-31 concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane by binding cardiolipin, so tissue retention runs longer than clearance suggests.

Is SS-31 FDA approved?

No. Elamipretide has been studied in registered trials for primary mitochondrial myopathy, Barth syndrome, heart failure, and dry AMD, but the pivotal MMPOWER-3 trial missed its primary endpoints and no indication has been approved.

Scientific Literature

References

  1. [1]

    Karaa A, Bertini E, Carelli V, et al. (2023). Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial.

    Neurology · PubMed: 37268435

  2. [2]

    Karaa A, Haas R, Goldstein A, et al. (2020). A randomized crossover trial of elamipretide in adults with primary mitochondrial myopathy.

    Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · PubMed: 32096613

  3. [3]

    Thompson WR, Manuel R, Abbruscato A, et al. (2024). Long-term efficacy and safety of elamipretide in patients with Barth syndrome: 168-week open-label extension results of TAZPOWER.

    Genetics in Medicine · PubMed: 38602181

  4. [4]

    Birk AV, Liu S, Soong Y, et al. (2013). The mitochondrial-targeted compound SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipin.

    Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · PubMed: 23813215

  5. [5]

    Butler J, Khan MS, Anker SD, et al. (2020). Effects of Elamipretide on Left Ventricular Function in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: The PROGRESS-HF Phase 2 Trial.

    Journal of Cardiac Failure · PubMed: 32068002

Citations are provided for educational purposes. Always verify primary sources before drawing research conclusions.

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